The Media, Good And Evil - 1404 Words

Man has always looked up to others who are smarter, wealthier, or more important than he is for a guide on how to live. In modern times these roles are often thrown into the laps of celebrities. Since the understanding of celebrities come from the productions they endorse, man s trust is now in the hands of fictional characters. Because he is so impressionable, an ignorant man can easily become an imitation of the people he watches everyday. There are many messages conveyed in the media, good and evil. Sometimes, one can gain insights from the things he allows to enter his mind, but this is a rare phenomena because of how secularized the modern media is. When every show aimed at young, impressionable girls features models, it can easily be assumed that these girls will then want to mimic that same look. This situation does not cause immediate harm to the girl, but overtime will teach her that having the looks of those models and nothing but that will bring her beauty. This is also true for the push of sex into almost every tv show or movie. It is extremely rare to find a top-ranked movie without sex appeal. Sex is then portrayed as a trivial act of maturity. The Mindy Project on the CW reveals the life of a young, Indian OB/GYN in New York City. The main character, Mindy Lahiri, is constantly battling problems in her relationships. The Mindy Project can benefit viewers through her message of self-acceptance, but can also damage them by showing the idea of casual sex asShow MoreRelatedStereotypical Perception Of Gender Media1468 Words   |  6 PagesHas the stereotypical perception of gender in media changed? In fact media takes advantage of the idyllic image of males and females to misguide society’s perspective of what they should be. How about we explore the idea of misconception between the sexes in Julia T. Wood article, Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender. She argues the diverse images of males and females portrayed being im practical, cliched, and constricted apprehension. In the movie Maleficent, is about a youngRead MoreZombie Culture : The Dark Sides Of American Culture960 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one thinks about American culture or â€Å"the good life†, things that are often thought of are: house in the suburbs, family, job, pets, etc. which is nothing extraordinary. It is what the typical American knows as everyday quiet life. For a culture that wishes nothing but simplicity and opportunity, it sure does feed on the â€Å"dark† aspects of its culture. For example, one of the dark sides of American culture is the presences of enthusiasm over the living dead. A rise in zombie culture in AmericaRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 PagesHere: If we’re truly serious about stopping massacres like Aurora, we need to cure our addiction to evil† informs readers about the truth behind massacres. Metcalf says that viole nce performed in the form of mass killing have definite causes. People are fascinated by the violence. He further suggests that evil and mass killing incidents in Aurora and Port Arthur are just few examples of that evil. The evil in our society is growing in large portion and people are more attracted towards violence. The articleRead MoreThe Impact Of Online Social Media On Society1088 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Online Social Media The influence of social online networks. This is a very controversial topic. Whether or not it is okay for everyone to use or not. Whether or not it has benefited or not any at all. So I am here to bring you truth. What are the influences of these media pages, and are social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and instagram a force for good or evil? What are the good influences of online social media? Not all people believe that social media is harmful to us. SomeRead MoreSlavery During The Slave Next Door1616 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past decades, slavery in America has significantly increased and curbed public freedom because American authorities and media have not dealt with the urgency of the issue. This has jeopardized human freedom. This increase is largely due to the import of foreign workers in the form of immigration and also home-bred slaves transported centuries ago from Africa. The increase is astonishing as the writer in The Slave Next Door asserts: â€Å"More than twice as many people are in bondage in the worldRead MoreEssay on Media Propaganda and Stereotypes1645 Words   |  7 Pagespropaganda that is being fed by the government and the media. Stereotypes steer individuals perceptions of a group of people in a certain way, usually negative, and generalize that opinion to all members of the group. Aware of the influence stereotypes have on peoples views, governments use stereotypes already imbedded in society as a propaganda tactic to persuade peoples thoughts, opinions and beliefs in order to benefit their cause. The media was used for disseminating stereotypes the effect violentRead MoreA Comparison Of Thor And Beowulf728 Words   |  3 Pagesarray of people for centuries. The timeless nature is visible in modern-day extensions of this epic, through heroics and battles of good versus malevolent forces. Beowulf continues to appeal to sophisticated audiences because it tells the story of a great hero prevailing over evil, a timeless theme valued by society and portrayed by his counterparts in modern media, although these new heroes display more complex qualities. Beowulf can be compared to Marvel universe’s Thor. Marvel has revived andRead MoreEnglish Creative Task : Holly Lowe, Microelectronics, Antibiotics, Laser Technology, The Smartphone And Nuclear Weapons1140 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Salem Witch Trials and other major and tragic historical events such as the Holocaust and the rapid spread of terrorism, especially through social media propaganda. The events of the Salem Witch Trials, which are displayed through Arthur Miller’s play ‘The Crucible’, are largely based around the ideas of hysteria and the notion of good vs. evil. Hysteria plays a significant role, both in the play and throughout the actual event of the trials. The representation of the characters through theirRead MoreThe Inacurate Representation of the Cyclops Essay examples1421 Words   |  6 Pagesmythological creatures; they are children of gods and nature spirits who came out wrong. Poseidon was the most common father. Hesiod was one of the first Greek scholars to describe them as three brothers who were primordial giants. Today Cyclopes the media perceptions of Cyclopes has not changed. They are still viewed as rugged human-like monsters with one eye in the middle of their head. Cyclopes are the least favorite of Greek mythological creatures; they are seen as brute, vile, and disgusting creaturesRead More Hannibal Lecters Identity and Ethos Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pageswe admire or enjoy seeing our favorites. Thus, admirers of Hopkins, work will immediately give the character of Hannibal credibility and protagonist status despite wh at they know about the actual character,s actions. Then, because of media coverage and media acknowledgement of Hopkins, acting prowess, young moviegoers who have not been exposed to Hopkins, 30-year movie career will be inclined to adopt the opinion that he is a great actor and therefore, see him as the protagonist in the film

Starbucks strategy - 7015 Words

Introduction The first Starbucks store was set up in 1971 by three individuals who had a common liking for coffee and exotic teas- Jerry Baldwin, History teacher Zev Seigel and writer Gordon Bowker. The store was named Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice in the tourist’s Pikes Place Market in Seattle. However, later the name was changed to Starbucks Coffee Company. The logo was designed to be a two tailed mermaid encircled by the store’s name. The name was inspired from the coffee loving character in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick The store was a success with excellent sales records and thus several Starbucks stores mushroomed in several parts of the US. Howard Schultz later joined the company as a marketing executive and then†¦show more content†¦The balance between ‘localization’ that Starbucks tested in China to suit the life style of the locals and the aspirational brand that one associates with it is something that can be studied and adapted to fit the Indian context. This customization to reflect the local culture of the neighborhood is a very appealing idea but needs to be analyzed as far as its long term sustainability is concerned. We have also tried to understand what kind of competition do other coffee store outlets like Cafà © Coffee Day and Barista that have been here longer pose to Starbucks. The hiked prices is something Starbucks can pull off because of the ambience it offers to its customers but whether it will be enough to keep them interested for long is questionable. Methodology The methodology that can be adopted is that of decision trees with listing the various alternatives, their payoffs and then making a decision on the basis of the choice with the best payoff. Drivers of Growth and rationale behind Expansionist Strategy 1. Retail Expansion The ambitious growth strategy was adopted by Starbucks in 2002 which was a time when the coffee drinking culture in the US was gaining popularity. The people drinking specialty coffee was identified to be a profitable segment to focus attention on. It was also identified that majority of people drank coffee not at home but outside, in offices, restaurants and coffee shops. ThereShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Strategy1531 Words   |  7 Pages Running head: STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY1 Dr. Shavers Assignment 1: Starbucks’s Strategy Modern Management Strayer University October 21, 2014 Submitted by: RUNNING HEAD: STARBUCKS’ STRATEGY2 Starbuck’s Coffee is a multi-billion dollar company. It was founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. It was a single store located in the Park Place Market area of Seattle. The idea started with three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel, and Gordon Bowker. They opened a small shop and beganRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Strategy For Starbucks1429 Words   |  6 Pages MARKETING CA1 Dylan Nolan â€Æ' Contents Starbucks Marketing Strategy 2 Starbucks SWOT Analysis 4 Starbucks Macro-Environment Forces 5 Starbucks Target Market Segmentation 6 Starbucks Social and Digital Media 7 Bibliography 8 References 8 Table of Figures 8 DECLARATION 9 â€Æ' Starbucks Marketing Strategy 1) Please expand on the various marketing strategies that were implemented in Starbucks at this time and comment on whether you think these strategies worked, and why? ‘To inspire and nurture theRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Strategies For Starbucks Essay2159 Words   |  9 PagesBeginning in 1971, Starbucks started as a roaster and dealer of whole bean and ground coffee along with tea and spice in Pike Place Market in Seattle. The company quickly grew and became what it is today. Currently, Starbucks serves millions of customers every day and has more than 24,000 stores in 70 countries (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2016). By now, Starbucks is a well-known company around the world. Beyond having a good core product, their marketing strategies are strong. As communication marketingRead MoreStarbucks Strategy2815 Words   |  12 PagesSTARBUCKS: AN INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT BRANDING ANALYSIS An internationally recognized brand with over 16,800 locations worldwide and is valued at $5.23 Billion as of 2005 (source: cafemakers.com/brand_recognition.html) Prepared by Florence L [Fashion Marketing Critic] LOVE COFFEE. Starbucks started its journey back in 1971, and has since grown to serve millions of sociable coffee-goers from around the world. With more than 16,800 locations across the globe as of 2009, Starbucks is still the dominantRead MoreStarbucks s Marketing Strategy For Starbucks860 Words   |  4 Pagesby telling the background of Starbucks as it is today. 30 years ago, Starbucks was a single store in Seattle s Pike Place Market selling premium roasted coffee. They decided to change their traditional customer experience in the 1980s. When the company s director of marketing, Howard Schultz, came back from Italy, he felt enchanted with the coffee house experience of Italy. Mr. Schultz wanted to duplicate this experience in his own coffee stores.   The new strategy consisted of selling their alreadyRead MoreStrategy Clock: Starbucks803 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1970s, the first Starbucks coffee shop opened. After 30s years developed, Starbucks Coffee Company become the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee and owned more than 5000 coffee shops all over the world. Why Starbucks can work so successfully? I will analyze Starbucks and its strategies with the Strategy Clock . The Strategy Clock is based on the work of Bowman. It s a suitable way to analyze a company s competitive position in comparison to the offerings of competitorsRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Starbucks2046 Words   |  9 Pages3.0 Marketing Strategy Starbucks is ensuring that its marketing strategy never goes too far outside it s culture. Composed of two key points. The first key point is Starbucks image. When an individual walks in to Starbucks, there is a friendly face to greet customers, color scheme is very cool and earthy, and same thing goes for smell too. Starbucks is ensuring that customers feel relaxed and comfortable in the coffee house. The second key point is the individual himeself/herself. AccordingRead MoreStarbucks Marketing Strategy980 Words   |  4 Pages1) CHINA: If there is one company that should have failed in China, it would be Starbucks. China has thousands of years of history drinking tea and a strong culture associated with it. No one could have guessed that Chinese would ever drink coffee instead of tea. Yet, Starbucks has successfully opened more than 570 stores in 48 cities since it first entered China twelve years ago. Building on this momentum, it plans to open 1,500 stores by 2015. What did the Seattle-based coffee company do rightRead MoreStarbucks Operation Strategy1490 Words   |  6 PagesSTARBUCKS OPERATIONS STRATEGY STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED I. Expand its product offerings and enter new market segments   Ã‚  Ã‚   * Starbucks expanded to pursue sales of products in a variety of distribution channels and market segments. Products were marketed to restaurants, airlines, hotels, universities,  hospitals, business offices, country clubs, and select retailers. In the airline industry, Starbucks coffee was served in flights United Airlines and United Airlines. Packets of Starbucks coffeeRead MoreStarbucks - Corporate Strategy4629 Words   |  19 PagesCorporate Strategy Table of Contents Question 1 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Howard Schultz s performance in the five tasks of strategic management 3 1.2.1 Developing a strategic vision 3 1.2.2 Setting the objectives as standards for measuring the company s performance and evolution 5 1.2.3 Crafting a strategy to achieve the desired outcomes 6 1.2.4 Implementing and executing the chosen strategy efficiently and effectively 6 1.2.5 Monitoring developments and initiating corrective adjustments

Browne, M. N., Keeley, S.M. (2010). Asking the right...

Browne, M. N., Keeley, S.M. (2010). Asking the right questions: A guide to critical thinking (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Asking the Right Questions-11 Step Analysis Introduction â€Å"I know it’s good to be a critical thinker and to be able to ask lots of good questions, but I don’t know what questions to ask or how to ask them.† (Browne Keeley, 2011) In our text â€Å"Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking (10th Ed.) The authors explore the benefits and necessity for critical thinking as it relates to the process of asking the right questions to make an informed decision and conclusion to an argument. The authors Browne and Keeley (2011) give two different approaches that can be taken in†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Mary states that the proposal will not save any money. III. Which words or phrases are ambiguous? We often misunderstand what we read or hear because we presume that the meanings of the words are obvious (Browne Keeley, 2011). When reading or listening to someone’s arguments and reasons you must force yourself to search for ambiguity. Within any argument that is read or heard there will always be obstacles. One obstacle is that many people assume that what they understand or think is the same as the author. The second obstacle is that people assume that words only have one single meaning (Browne Keeley, 2011). In overcoming these obstacles, you must ask yourself â€Å"what do you mean by that† or â€Å"could any of these words or phrases have a different meaning† (Browne Keeley, 2011). I find the entire conclusion to be somewhat ambiguous. Within the conclusion I have identified the word â€Å"challenge† as a key word that makes the statement ambiguous. In one instance to â€Å"challenge the proposal could mean to fight, confront or defy boldly, bu t in another context it could mean to formally question the legality or validity of the proposal. So what exactly does Mary mean by â€Å"challenge?† Another ambiguous phrase that I have identified is â€Å"lower wages.† Without specific information and evidence of wages for all members this can mean a multitude of things. Lower wages could be as lowShow MoreRelatedMatthew Paul Individual Paper 12225 Words   |  9 PagesIndividual Paper 1 – Critical Thinking and Communication Skills By Matthew Paul DMBA 610 Professor Kennedy Introduction In this paper, I will analyze the memo by applying the steps of the critical thinking model discussed in Asking the Right Questions to assess the arguments made. Among the other tasks I had to make, I will not just analyze the memo but I will evaluate the author’s argument as objectively as possible. I will also provide a thorough evaluation of theRead More DMBA 610 W2 Critical Thinking Assignment2033 Words   |  9 Pagesopinion, after reading Browne and Keeley’s Asking the Right Questions (2012), that adopting a critical thinking approach is the most effective way to evaluate the document. Using a critical thinking approach to evaluate this business document will help a reader to know when to accept and when to reject information they are presented. The reader knows that information that passes the critical thinking questions they ask is worth accepting. Implementing strong-sense critical thinking and using the same

Project Management of Samba Parade

Question: Discuss about the Project Management of Samba Parade. Answer: Introduction Project management is the process involving application of skills, knowledge and expertise to achieve objectives of a given project (Young, 2013). Usually any project has particular objectives that it aims at achieving when implemented these are what are used in evaluating the success or failure of any particular project. Just like any other project all deliberations were followed in the Rio carnaval. The most important objective by the participating teams was taking home Brazilians most coveted title. That was the basis of all the preparations undertaken by the participants. Positives of the project: Time One of the most important considerations in any project is the completion within the time frame. Projects are meant to achieve certain objectives within a given time frame (Heldman, 2011). . The first positive with this project is therefore the fact that all the teams were able to make all the preparations within time. Despite the fact that it was strenuous activity for those who were tasked with preparation, they made everything possible including working fifteen hours in a day like Syd, the designer for Vila Samba School. Costumes for all the teams were made just in time for the main event. This also applies to those who were tasked with ensuring adequate lighting and sound systems were put in place and tested in time so that the final project would be a success. Proper cabling and placement of cameras was also done in time to ensure that the most aired show worldwide was aired live by over 1500 media broadcasts. This also applies to the renewing of the Samba parade street by experts. It was also timely done. Budget Budget refers to the funds set aside for a given project. This is an approximation of how money allocated for a given project intends to be used. The budget allocated for a given project must be adequate so that the project of implementation is not derailed. (Stouffer, 2012). This is another positive of the project. All factors were put into considerations. A project requires sufficient budget so that all its implementation is carried out in the given time. There were a number of activities that were involved in the project. These included preparation by individual teams for the competition and preparation of the venue for the competition. As far as individual teams are concerned, the costumes to match their theme had to be prepared. This required adequate resources to pay the labor force and purchase materials. Also preparation of the venue of the competition required adequate funds to be used, from contracting sound engineers, to paying of the people involved in the putting in place lights and cameras. This was effectively achieved so the budget and the budgeting process were appropriate. Negatives of the project Complexity of the project Different projects possess different attributes .Some might be complex in nature while others might be simple and easy to implement. All projects require different degree of effort .Some may be implemented in a in a few days others in a few months while others may take several months. (Berkun, 2008).This project was quite demanding for its planners. They have to work day and night for almost a year to have the project ready in time. Several attributed needed to be considered in the project for the ultimate objectives to be achieved. It had to make people happy, foster unity and togetherness among Brazilians, exemplify different group themes among other expectations. The complexity brings about the need for Moses to bring on board his son and wife so that all factors can be taken care of. Pressure on planners and participants There was so much pressure on the participants .The success of the project depended on how much effort they put in place. With that in mind Participants had to keep practicing for a whole year to make it a success by making sure that they have the best dance so that their audience does not get disappointed.The designers like Syd have to design the most appropriate costumes to ensure that their schools emerge victorious. This was quite an enormous task. Without taking this to account, their performance in the competition is likely to be affected. References: Young, T. L. (2013). Successful project management.Heldman, K. (2011). Project management jumpstart. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Harvard Business Review Press. (2013). HBR's guide to project management. Boston : Harvard Business Review PressBerkun, S. (2008). Making things happen: Mastering project management. Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly Media.Stouffer, T. (2012). The only budgeting book you'll ever need. Avon, Mass: Adams Media.

Whooping Chough Essays - Pertussis, Burkholderiales, RTT

Whooping Chough Whooping cough which is also known as Pertussis is caused by infection by the Bordetella Pertussis bacteria. It is a highly contagious bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system and produces spasms of coughing that usually end in a high-pitched whooping sound. In this report I will describe how Pertussis is spread, contracted, what treatments are available for it and the prognosis for the patient. I will also tell you about the many symptoms of the disease. Etiology: Pertussis is caused by Bordetella Pertussis the bacteria invades the nose and throat and then the trachea followed by the bronchial tubes of the lungs. People usually contract the bacteria through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Then people inhale or come in contact with the infected saliva. People who have been immunized in the past may still develop infection but it is usually atypical or very mild that is another cause of whooping cough. The incubation period is usually about 7 days. Morphology & Diagnosis: Pertussis is a round shaped gram positive bacteria. Some of the symptoms of Pertussis include runny nose, coughing that may be dry or may produce sputum. Along with a fever usually 102F or lower. Severe coughing attacks that ends in a high-pitched crowing sound when inhaling or it will end in a high-pitched "whoop". The coughing spells may end in a momentary loss of consciousness and or vomiting. It also results in difficulty at breathing. It also can cause some people to have diarrhea. When some small infants have long spells of coughing they usually begin to cry which causes them to choke on there own tears. Pertussis can be treated by DtaP which is a vaccine that protects children against the disease. During epidemics, health care providers or others at risk may be advised to receive a booster dose of the vaccine. The immunization is not 100 percent effective and has slowly becomes less effective over the past few years. Some tests that can be performed to tell if a person has contracted are to take a culture of the secretions from the nose and mouth and throat. A complete blood count or CBC which measures the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the blood. If there is an with an elevated number of white blood cell count characterized by large numbers of lymphocytes. There are also serologic tests for Pertussis. Treatment: The Treatments include Erythromycin which is an antibiotic that is administered and may shorten the duration of the symptoms. Infants under 18 months of age require constant supervision because breathing may temporarily stop during spells of sever coughing. Infants with severe cases should be hospitalized. An oxygen tent with high humidity may be used. Intravenous fluid may be given if coughing spells are severe enough to prevent enough fluid intake by mouth. Sedatives may also be prescribed for young children. Cough suppressants are usually not helpful and should not be used. Prognosis: The prognosis for a person who leaves Pertussis untreated in infants has a poor outcome. The disease has a one percent to 2 percent death rate. Death may occur from lack of oxygen to the brain and bronchopneumonia. Some other complications that may occur are slowed or stopped breathing, nose bleeds, pneumonia, convulsions which are caused by a lack of oxygen and can cause permanent brain damage. Some of the more serious effects are anoxic encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, seizures and developmental retardation. Miscellaneous: In Ethiopia rural doctors give a vaccination for Pertussis to people in street markets in an effort to increase the immunity rate of their country. Pertussis has becomes an epidemic about every 2-4 years. It usually affects non-immunized children with a history of contact to the bacteria the most. Personal Reflection: Matts reflection: When I think of Whooping cough I don't think of it as a major epidemic. The reason why I believe this is because there is not much information on the subject and I had a very difficult time finding pictures of the bacteria and its effects. I suppose that if 10 out of every 100,000 people are infected with it then it must not be a very large problem. The disease doesn't to seem to have very sever side effects if it is left untreated. I am almost certain that in a few more years Whooping cough will disappear. Roberts reflection: My opinion is a little different than Matts but in some ways I feel the same. First off I do agree that in this

buy custom Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome essay

buy custom Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome essay Munchausen syndrome by proxy, abbreviated as MSbP, is a term devised by a Professor of Pediatrics Roy Meadow in 1977, who named the syndrome after a German horse soldier Baron von Munchausen (1720-1797) that was famous for his widely stagy and feigned stories. Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP), also known in the United Kingdom as Fabricated or Induced Illness by Carers (FII), is a form of fictitious disorder of mental sickness in which a person behaves in a manner that suggests a need of another individual of being taken care of when there is no such a necessity in fact, and is explained by a mental or physical health condition of the first one (Parnell Day, 1998). The adult with MSbP unswervingly fabricates and imposes the illnesses on another person under his/her care, mostly a minor one under the age of the 6 years. This act is considered as a method of abuse by the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children. Parents with MSbP usually have an inward desire for their children to be seen as sick or hurt. MSbP persons do this not in order to achieve any tangible benefit, as a financial gain, for example. They are willing to subject the patient or child to agonizing and risky examinations, or operations so that people could sympathize with them and treat with a special attention, which is usually given to the family, whose members are really sick (Parnell Day, 1998). Factitious ailments are classified into four major categories: (1) those with mostly psychological signs, (2) those with physical signs, (3) those with both the psychological and the physical signs, and (4) those that do not fit the situations of the above three types (Matthews, 2004). The forth category includes MSbP, which is, fortunately, very rare, as it happens with 2 out of 100,000 children. Keywords: Munchausen syndrome by proxy, fabricated or induced illness by carers, fictitious disorder, mental sickness, mental health condition, physical health condition Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome Literature Review MSbP is usually very difficult to diagnose, which makes it a reason why many children die before doctors comprehend what the child has been undergoing. Similarly, a treatment and a complete understanding of the causes of Munchausen Syndrome are limited. For this reasons, it is imperative to raise the awareness of MSbP among people, and to ensure that children will no more become victims of a fabricated illness and, consequently, death caused by their own parents or caregivers (Gregory, 2003). This syndrome is considered as a criminal offense of one of the forms of a child abuse, requiring the prompt actions of the child protection services. This syndrome can result in the severe short- or long-term consequences, including the persistent abuses of the child, multiple hospitalizations, and what is worse the fetal outcomes of the victims (Eminson Postlethwaite, 2000: Shannon, 2009). In some cases, a victim of a physical, psychological and emotional abuse may learn to associate the receiving of attention with a state of being sick, thus develops Munchausen syndrome himself or herself (Matthews, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to study and analyse the behavior and motivation of perpetrators suffering from MSbP/ FIIC, namely: why and how the disorder manifests through the symptoms; which characteristics has parents with the disorder; the legal issues associated with the disorder under the assistance of the criminal psychologists; the treatment and interventions that it requires (Allison Roberts, 1998). Who Perpetrates the MSbP/ FIIC? MSbP perpetrated by mothers. A bigger percentage of MSbP or FIIC is observed among mothers mostly, though, it may be experienced by fathers in isolated cases as well. The mothers purposely hurt their own children, or describe symptoms of the imaginary disease, so that they could get the attention which is majorly given to family members of a sick person. Someone who has MSbP mostly use the numerous hospitalizations instances as a method of gaining praises from the other people for their dedication to the care of the child. Finally, they tend to exploit the ill child in order to develop an affiliation with the doctors or other health care providers. The person suffering from MSbP ordinarily does not depart from the bedside of the patient, and deliberately feign the signs of a deep concern to prove that he or she is a good caregiver. Sometimes the signs may vanish while in hospital but may reappear when the caregiver is no longer alone with the patient (Roesler Jenny, 2009). Fabricated or induced illness by caregivers. Another case of MSbP is propagated by the caregivers, who fabricate or intrude the illness in children being under their guardianship. The major task for psychologists is to determine whether the caregivers who falsify the illness in children experience a disorder of a personality (Lasher and Sheridan 2004), and are able to validate the protective concerns about the child (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). The rate of fictional or induced sickness by carers usually varies from one country to another. For example, in the United States, an estimated number of two forms of MSbP involving a suffocation and non-accidental poisoning reported in 1996 is six hundred instances (Ayoub et al., 2002). Approximately eighteen cases are reported every year in New Zealand, about fifty instances registered in the UK, and twenty four more different countries monitor the accidences of the same syndrome (Pritchard 2004). How MSbP/ FIIC is Performed Individuals with MSbP are likely to fabricate or exaggerate the disease signs of the child in various ways. For example, they usually overstate or lie about symptoms, discrediting the reliability of the diagnostic tests by contaminating the urine or feces samples of the child in order to forge the medical records (Feurtado, 2004). Occasionally, the caregivers with MSbP may impose the symptoms of particular diseases through poisoning, starving, suffocating, or contaminating of the baby. In this case, the observed complications may signal about the behavioral or psychiatric disorders (Feurtado, 2004). It has also been discovered that the behaviour of the perpetrators sometimes involves a physical, psychological, and emotional harming of the child with the further transportation of the child to the hospital with an unexplained medical condition (Feurtado, 2004). The hospitals mostly fall victim to the fabrication whereby they pursue the unnecessary medical procedures. Pediatric study has also established that a number of the children admitted into hospital pediatric sections and emergency wards usually suffer from unexplained diseases that are consequently determined to have been instigated by their parents or caregivers through a physical, emotional, or psychological violence (Stirling, 2007: Roesler Jenny, 2009). Reasons for Engaging on MSbP or FIIC There are several theories researched to explain the causes of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy and why caregivers or mothers are engaged in it. According to Fish, Bromfield and Higgins (2005), mothers may feel that the presence of a sick child can be a factor to reunite them or bring them closer to their spouses. This reason indicates that mothers suffering from MSbP may have experienced an emotional deprivation and physical abuse from their spouses in the past (Allison Roberts, 1998). Such women in most cases feel depressedand insecure, thus direct their personal inadequacies through the offensive behavior towards the minors, which subsequently leads to a self-satisfaction and gratification of themselves. Some may also feel that invoking the illnesses in the child is a way of punishing their spouses who eventually pay the hospital bills whenever the child is hospitalized. The hospital environment also gives the mother or caregiver an opportunity to free themselves from parental responsibility at least for a while, when the medical personnel attend on the child, and gives the individuals with this disorder a chance to move around the hospital and share the experience with other parents. In this case, their sick children help them to create a connection with other mothers in the hospital, thus making them feel satisfied and full of a sense of belongingness. This reason is common for mothers who feel that they are overwhelmed by the demanding needs of their child. The caregivers, in their turn, feel that the parents of the child have neglected their parental duty, and overburden them with the responsibility. Such impression make the caregivers fabricate the illnesses of the child to get free time to relax. Schreier and Libow (1993) assert that long-awaited but absent fathers are also a major reason that lead to the manifestation of the disorder among wom en according to the clinical data in hospitals. The FIIC disorder may also develop when the mother notes that there is an increasing detachment among the father, the child, and the whole family, prompting the mother to resort to hurting her child to capture the attention of the father in order to reestablish cohesiveness in the family (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). In addition, an absent spouse also gives the mother an ample opportunity to inflict a harm on the child that she, however, would not do in the presence of her spouse (Matthews, 2004). Symptoms of MSbP MSbP is relatively one of the most challenging psychiatric disorders to be diagnosed. This makes approximately 9% of victims of FIIC abuse perish (Feldman, 1998). According to Feurtado (2004), the symptoms of a parent or caregiver that may be suffering from MSbP include, but do not exhaust the next signs such as (1) an inconsistency between the complaints and the results of the medical tests, (2) the symptoms presented by the child that do not respond to treatment as they are supposed to, (3) illnesses that only become severe in the presence of the caregiver or parent who is the perpetrator of the abuse, (4) disease symptoms that vanish when the perpetrators is absent, and resumes when the caretaker or parent is informed that the child is recuperating, or (5) when similar symptoms are also exhibited by the siblings or other family members of the victim (Lasher, 2004: Feldman, 1998). It is worth noting that it is impossible for doctors to diagnose Munchausen syndrome by proxy during t he first observation of the patient. Therefore it is vital that the medical personnel to consider the behavioral patterns related to the syndrome, and be very attentive to the actions and reactions of the individuals for some period of time. For example, having the same child suffering from various illnesses within a short duration together with a slow response to treatment is ordinarily an indicator of a possibility of the disorder (Artingstall, 1999). Victims of MSbP also commonly exhibit the accurate symptoms of illness together with the exaggerated ones. This usually complicates the diagnosis of MSbP owing to the fact that physicians have to distinguish the real illnesses from the fabricated. Another symptom of a possibility of the factitious disorder by proxy is a strong reaction of a caregiver or parent showing a righteous indignation trait when questioned by the physician about the fabricated medical history of their child. Such parents usually become defensive and may threaten to file a lawsuit against a malpractice, or in some occasions may instigate the child to become acutely ill to prove their point (Schreier Libow, 1993). Characteristics of Parents Engaged in MSbP According to Pritchard (2004), the fictitious or induced illness is commonly provoked by women, particularly mothers that form 95 per cent of the MSbP cases. However, there have been a few cases reported to be committed by fathers, adoptive parents, or other involving care givers (Artingstall, 1999). A big disparity proves the disproportionate number of women caring about children in comparison to men (Pritchard, 2004). The common characteristics exhibited by parents or caregivers who falsify or impose an illness on children sometimes are also similar to the characteristics naturally exhibited by many parents who are not suffering from the MSbP (Lasher Sheridan, 2004). Among other distinguished characteristics, perpetrators are ordinarily the principal caregiver of a child with an intention to manipulate the people around them, especially doctors, that are supposed to be more competent in this sphere, thus giving the offender a delightful feeling of controlling theme (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). In such a scenario, the absence of the caregiver results in a disappearance of the symptoms or illnesses. Parents with the MSbP may also have normal mental health evaluations, showing no previous engagement in the services of child protection, they may seem to be phobic, overprotective, or deluded, with an experience and deep knowledge of the health condition, and may seek publicity or consideration fr om a range of people (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). In most cases, the caregivers and parents with this syndrome do not stop the abusive behavior once being suspected but instead change the health establishment and deny the accusations even when there are overwhelming evidences against them. Moreover, they tend to accuse their prosecutors and shift the blames against the others (Lasher Sheridan, 2004). Most of these characteristics are similar to those that a regular parent would demonstrate, thus complicating the process of diagnosis MSbP (Shannon, 2009). Legal Issues and Court Trials with the Help of Criminal Psychology There are several legal pieces of a background information that children safety practitioners need to consider while dealing with a possible case of MSbP. The cases of care and protection measures in which a child is purported to be at risk of harm from their caregivers or parents can be presented before the court using the grounds of intervention through the legislation established in each state. The grounds used must match the individual evidences in a particular case, and the suggested danger those facts present to the victim who is the subject of the application (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). It is also imperative to differentiate the criminal trials from the child protection cases. The focus of a criminal trial is on a hearing of charges against the accused individual alleged to have committed a crime in order to prove the accusations that the person had perpetrated particular acts with a felonious intent. Child protection hearings, on the other hand, focus on determining whether the child is a victim of MSbP, and does require a protection from the perpetrator or not (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). In such cases, the purpose of the child protection services is to evidence that a parent or caregiver has done or failed to do certain acts that have consequently made the child suffer from any kind of harm. Standards of Proof The rules of evidence presentted in the child protection cases are less strict as compared to those applied in criminal trials. The reason for this is the diverse legal aims and different standards of proof needed for a particular case (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). To substantiate a criminal case, the prosecution must avail itself of the evidence that indicts the accused according to a standard referred as beyond reasonable doubt. On the contrary, the standard of proofs used in child protection cases, is based on the balance of probabilities (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). For example, in Australia, the courts trying a case on a child abuse by the employing of the lower standard of proofs may consider appropriate findings from the criminal proceedings if such are available in the court hearing. However, statements related to law on a criminal trial where MSbP is mentioned as an issue, may not be applicable child protection case (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). The criminal psychologists involved in this case must present a psychiatric report to determine if the perpetrator is truly suffering from the syndrome to validate the proof. Evidence The evidence needed to authenticate the necessity for protection according to Fish, Bromfield and Higgins (2005) are usually categorized into three wide groups: (1) direct proofs that involve what has been observed, heard and acquired, or treatment that has been felt through the intellectual analysis by the witness, (2) factual or bodily evidence that may comprise documents, videos, photographs, x rays, diaries, reports, and other relevant objects, and finally, (3) opinion evidence, which may involve a professional conclusion proceeding on the pertinent qualifications. Such individuals are the criminal psychologists and psychiatrists authorized to assess the level of disorder, and to conclude whether the child needs a protection from the authorities. Grounds for Intervention Legislation that lay grounds of the child care and protection trials in courts usually differs from state to state and from country to country. In Australian courts there are major similarities on the jurisdictions (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). The legal child protection authorities are plenipotentiary to respond in the case, when the acts of a caregiver or parent jeopardize the well-being of the child or cause the child either emotional, social, psychological or physical harm (Shannon, 2009). The harm may comprise such acts of physical abuse as an assault, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect (Bromfield and Higgins 2005). Such cases when caregivers expose children to fabricated or induced illness are usually brought to the courts and substantiated on a direct evidence stipulating the acts which support such charges, including the opinions of an appropriately qualified expert such as the criminal psychologist that are able to provide an interpretation of the stated acts and subsequent risks the child is subjected to (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005). Defense Mechanisms in Court The perpetrators of the MSbP usually defend themselves in court in several ways. One defense mechanism entails emphasizing on the accurate symptoms of illnesses that the victims of Munchausen syndrome by proxy exhibit. Considering the amount of the exaggeration of symptoms of illness, doctors in most instances confirm the presence of the disorder. This makes the perpetrators justify their claim of medical need to their children. Moreover, this may weaken the case against them, since such mother suffering from the disorder usually present herself to the court as a very protective and more caring person. This usually complicates the diagnosis of MSbP owing to the fact that it is relatively difficult for the physicians to distinguish the real illnesses from the fabricated one (Gregory, 2003). Some of the culprits also do not have any previous records made of an engagement with the child protection service (Fish, Bromfield Higgins, 2005).This gives them a defensive point in the courts to deny all the accusations claiming that the prosecution is malicious. Occasionally, some of the perpetrators presented in the court are experienced in the medical field, and may have a solid knowledge giving them the power to challenge any accusation made against them, and even seek publicity or consideration from a range of other doctors to interpret the symptoms that are manifested by the child. Similarly, the mothers or caregivers with this syndrome often do not change their behaviors when suspected, but change the professionals and consultants instead. Treatment of Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome MSbP is a very complicated disorder to treat, and often needs a long-period therapy and support that involve a social service, child protective service, law enforcement, and a teamwork of the physicians to improve a health state of the patient (Hanon, 1991). The first step to take is to safeguard and protect any real or potential victims by placing the child under the care of another person in order to avert the further maltreatment of the sufferer (Stirling, 2007). Successful treatment of individuals with this disorder usually proves to be difficult since such people often deny that there is a problem. Equally, the success of treatment is dependent on telling the truth, which MSbP individuals do not do, but instead become the accomplished liars. The known treatment involves an administering psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy aimed at helping the individual to detect the thoughts and feelings that are causing the behavior, and teaching to develop relationships not related with being ill (Stirling, 2007). Conclusion Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome is a disorder that is extremely difficult to diagnose since it is exhibited in various forms with accurate disease symptoms, making it complicated and uneasy to detect. It involves the parent or caregiver inducing illnesses, or inflicting injuries on their children or children under their care (Gregory, 2003). This disorder is difficult to believe especially when involving real mothers, owing to the fact that it is the responsibility of the mothers to protect and ensure that their children are safe from all kinds of harm. It is, therefore, important for the good of a society and a nation to study more the reasons for such a disaster. It seems to me that MSbP can result from a state of a personal unhappiness. The factors causing that may depend or do not depend on a personal choice. Nevertheless, I am in favor of making everything possible to direct things that totally are in our power in a right place. I believe, what can help to improve this difficult situation and to prevent such anomalies in a behavior is a proper education of children and adults in a matter of a personal relationship and social communication, namely, practical psychology. Not the less important is that the perpetrators suffering from MSbP should be treated as criminals in order to discourage people from being involved in such practices, especially after the confirmation of the characteristics with the help of a criminal psychologist. More research should also be conducted on the same topic to highlight and distinguish the causes and symptoms so that they can be addressed in good time, such as the use of family psychotherapy to improve cohesiveness and to minimize depression that have been identified as the causes of MSbP (Shannon, 2009). Buy custom Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome essay

An analyst for the Bank of England and you have been asked to analyse Essay

An analyst for the Bank of England and you have been asked to analyse and critically evaluate the causes and consequences of the - Essay Example It is apparent that events in the previous years such as the dotcom crash, bankruptcies and frauds of large firms such as Enron and the sub prime crisis all lead to successive weakening of the financial markets. The money and capital markets showed extreme distress selling and in the crash, assets were depreciated to the extent of 300 trillion USD. Money supply and demand underwent some dynamic changes with banks reluctant to release funds to borrowers for fear of that the loans would not repaid. The UK government attempted to correct the problems by bring in a number of measures and methods. These included macroeconomic instruments and quantitative easing that was used for the first time in UK financial history. The market reacted in a diffident manner to these economic policies and some slight recovery is apparent in the GDP, inflation and other indicators. Table of Contents An analyst for the Bank of England and you have been asked to analyse and critically evaluate the causes and consequences of the world financial crisis of 2007/2008 in the UK 1 January 19, 2013 1 1. Introduction 5 2. Causes and consequences of the financial crisis 6 3. Response of capital and money markets 11 4. Response and effectiveness of the macroeconomic policies 16 5. Conclusions 26 References 28 List of Figures Figure 2.1. LIBOR-OIS Spreads (Kacperczyk and Schnabl, 2012) 7 Figure 2.2. Rise in risk premium (McKibbin and Stoeckel, 2009) 8 Figure 2.3. Euro Area Government Bond Rate (Kacperczyk and Schnabl, 2012) 10 Figure 2.4. The US housing bubble and crash (McKibbin and Stoeckel, 2009) 10 Figure 3.1. UK market index FTSE100 (Stockcube 2012) 11 Figure 3.2. Global financial assets value reduction (McKinsey, 2009) 12 Figure 3.3. Dispersion in Money Market Funds (Kacperczyk and Schnabl, 2012) 13 Figure 3.4. Asset holding and their spread (Kacperczyk and Schnabl, 2012) 14 Figure 3.5. M2 Multiplier and the ratio of M2 to reserves (Hodson and Mabbett, 2009) 16 Figure 4.1. GBP response to p olicies (Benford, et al, 2010) 17 Figure 4.2. UK Percent Change in GDP (Benford, et al 2010) 18 Figure 4.3. Central Banks Asset Holdings (Benford, et al 2010) 19 Figure 4.4. Transmission mechanism for purchase of assets (Benford, et al 2010) 20 Figure 4.5. Desired movement of the LM curve (Thomas, 2010) 21 Figure 4.6. Actual movement of the LM curve (Benford, et al 2010) 22 Figure 4.7. New equilibrium point in the IS-LM model (Athey, 2009) 23 Figure 4.8. Impact of QE on the economy (Joyce, et al, 2011) 24 Figure 4.9. UK Money Multiplier (Bank of England, 2010) 25 Figure 4.10. UK GDP growth (ONS, 2012) 25 Figure 4.11. UK CPI Inflation rate (Benford, et al, 2011) 26 1. Introduction The previous decade saw one of the worst and most widespread financial crisis in modern history when global financial markets crashed from 2007-2008. The financial loss across the world measured in terms of devaluation of assets, insolvencies of banks and asset depreciation is estimated at 290 trillion Doll ars (Barrel, 2011). According to a report by Rose and Spiegel (2009), the recession was fallout of the sub prime crisis that originated in 2005 and the market crash occurred in 2007. Mishkin (2008) is of the opinion that the years before 2007 that saw the dotcom boom and bust, the peak in crude oil prices and the high value of the stock market were signs that a crash was coming. Nothing was done to prevent the market